1H， ¹³C， ³¹P， ¹⁹F， have proven to be powerful analytical tools for characterizing lignin’s structural features. This article provided an overview of the advantages of solution-state NMR techniques in characterizing various structural features of lignin， such as linkages， functional groups， and chemical composition. Sample preparation methods and considerations for NMR analysis were described， and the research progress of NMR techniques in lignin structural characterization was outlined， with a focus on their applicability to different lignin structures. This article will aid in the targeted selection of appropriate NMR techniques for accurate characterization and analysis of lignin structures， promoting the high-value utilization of lignin.]]> 2024/7/9 8:58:05 XU Ying,MA Chengye,ZHANG Chen,XU Linghua,WEN Jialong 4true in vitro were elucidated， the mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed polymerization and Casparian strip for precise lignification of plants were explored. The influence factors in the polymerization in vitro of lignin （enzyme species， lignin material， reaction conditions） were summarized. In view of the current research， the development direction and challenges of lignin functionalization and polymerization by biological methods were proposed to provide ideas for the high-value and diversified utilization of industrial lignin.]]> 2024/7/9 8:58:06 YAN Li,LIU Haibo,TANG Dexi,SI Chuanling,DAI Lin 3true 2O₂， laccase/HBT （1-hydroxybenzotriazole） and laccase/ABTS （2，2’-bisazobis （3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt） on alkali lignin， and explored the influencing factors of laccase/ABTS mediator system on degradation of alkali lignin. The structural characterization of alkali lignin before and after the reaction with laccase and the three LMS was also analyzed. The results showed that the highest degradation rate of alkali lignin was achieved by the laccase/ABTS mediator system， which could reach 39% under the reaction conditions at 32 ℃ for 24 h with pH valve of 5， and ABTS concentration of 2 mmol/L. The types of functional groups of alkali lignin obtained from the laccase treatment remained unchanged， but the polydispersity coefficient was decreased and the molecular mass was increased； and the polydispersity coefficient and the molecular mass of alkali lignin obtained from the LMS treatment were further decreased， especially the polydispersity coefficient and the molecular mass of alkali lignin obtained from the LMS treatment. In particular， the number average molecular weight of alkali lignin was reduced by 50.5% after laccase/ABTS treatment； the chemical bonds of alkali lignin were broken to different degrees after LMS treatment， which induced changes such as C—O and β-O-4 linkage breaking， demethylation reaction， and benzene ring-opening.]]> 2024/7/9 8:58:07 CUI Dingkai,YI Guobin,YE Dawei,ZHU Guozhi,XIAO Ying,CHEN Jiazhi 2true 2024/7/9 8:58:09 ZHU Lei,HUANG Yuqi,HU Jun,WANG Zhaoxia,DAI Quansheng,LI Dongna,MA Xiaojun 1true