| 王昱康,李康杰,李通,王全亮.纳米纤维素/锌离子对聚乙烯醇基复合导电水凝胶性能的影响[J].中国造纸学报,2026,41(3):167-178 |
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| 纳米纤维素/锌离子对聚乙烯醇基复合导电水凝胶性能的影响 |
| Effect of Nanocellulose/Zinc Ions on the Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol-based Composite Conductive Hydrogels |
| 投稿时间：2026-03-22 修订日期：2026-05-25 |
| DOI：10.11981/j.issn.1000-6842.2026.03.167 |
| 中文关键词: 纳米纤维素 导电水凝胶 抗冻保湿 力学性能 柔性应变传感器 |
| Key Words:nanocellulose conductive hydrogel anti-freezing and moisture-retaining mechanical property flexible strain sensor |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目YQ2023C025大学生创新创业训练项目S202510225395黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目（YQ2023C025）；大学生创新创业训练项目（S202510225395）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为基体，引入TEMPO氧化纤维素纳米纤丝（TOCNF）、明胶（GEL）、乙二醇（EG）及硫酸锌，通过循环冻融法制得抗冻、保湿、导电的Zn2+交联TOCNF复合PVA水凝胶，并探究组分及工艺对其结构与性能的影响；以该水凝胶制备应变传感器，考察其低温下的实际应用效果。结果表明，TOCNF通过氢键作用促进PVA微晶域形成、发挥纳米增强效应，Zn2+通过配位交联与盐析作用，使Zn2+交联TOCNF复合PVA水凝胶形成均匀致密的多孔网络和离子传输通道，机械性能与导电能力显著提升。当PVA含量15%、TOCNF质量分数4%、1 mol/L ZnSO₄溶液浸渍8 h时，制得水凝胶P15C4GEZ1的综合性能最优，其拉伸强度和离子电导率达2.14 MPa和2.27 S/m，分别较未添加TOCNF的水凝胶提升约95%（1.10 MPa）和82%（1.25 S/m），较浸泡0.0625 mol/L ZnSO₄溶液的水凝胶（0.51 S/m）提高345%，且在-20 ℃下，离子电导率仍保持2.12 S/m，兼具优异抗冻性、保水性与热稳定性。基于该水凝胶的应变传感器在宽应变范围内响应稳定，应变灵敏系数2.21，经1 000 s循环拉伸信号无明显失真，可实现人体多关节运动的精准监测。 |
| Abstract: |
| In this study， poly(vinyl alcohol) （PVA） was used as the matrix， and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiberils （TOCNF）， gelatin （GEL）， ethylene glycol （EG）， and zinc sulfate were introduced to fabricate an anti-freezing， moisture-retaining， and conductive Zn²⁺ cross-linked TOCNF/PVA composite hydrogel via a cyclic freeze-thaw method. The effects of composition and processing conditions on the structure and properties of the hydrogel were investigated， and a strain sensor was further assembled to evaluate practical application of it at low temperatures.The results showed that TOCNF promoted the formation of PVA microcrystalline domains through hydrogen bonding and exerted a nano-reinforcing effect， while Zn²⁺ formed a uniform and dense porous network and ion transport channels of Zn2+ cross-linked TOCNF/PVA composite hydrogel via coordination crosslinking and salting-out， significantly enhancing the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of it. When the PVA content was 15%， the TOCNF mass fraction was 4%， the P15C4GEZ1 hydrogel immersed in 1 mol/L ZnSO₄ solution for 8 h exhibited the best overall performance， with a tensile strength of 2.14 MPa and an ionic conductivity of 2.27 S/m. These values were approximately 95% （1.10 MPa） and 82% （1.25 S/m） higher than those of the TOCNF-free hydrogel， and 345% higher than that of the hydrogel immersed in 0.0625 mol/L ZnSO₄ solution （0.51 S/m）. Moreover， the ionic conductivity remained as high as 2.12 S/m at -20 °C， indicating excellent anti-freezing property， water retention， and thermal stability.The strain sensor based on this hydrogel exhibited stable responses over a wide strain range， with a gauge factor of 2.21. No obvious signal distortion was observed after 1 000 s of cyclic stretching. It enabled accurate monitoring of multi-joint human motions. |
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