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Study on the Effects of Bone Glue-Alum Solution Ratios on the Surface Morphology， Physical Structure, and the Expressiveness of Ink Marks of Xuan Paper
Received:July 09, 2025  Revised:September 30, 2025
DOI：10.11981/j.issn.1000-6842.2026.02.135
Key Words:Xuan paper;bone glue-alum solution;calligraphy;brush and ink effects
Fund Project:国家重点研发计划（2022YFF0904501）。
Author NameAffiliationPostcode
ZHU Yuewei* 1Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
PENG Anting 1Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
RUI Yangmenglin 1Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
WANG Chunxiu 1Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
JIAO Yuhao 1Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
HAO Xinying 1Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
DING Yanwei 2Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
ZHU Zhenghai 3Anhui Jingxian Yiyingxuan Xuan Paper Crafts Factory， Xuancheng， Anhui Province， 242500 242500
CHEN Biao* 1Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology， University of Science and Technology of China， Hefei， Anhui Province， 230026 230026
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Abstract:
      In this study， the bone glue-alum solution with different ratios used as sizing agents， and the traditional drag-dye sizing technology was employed to produce Xuan papers sized bone glue-alum， and the surface morphology， pore structure， contact angle， and other characteristics were systematically analyzed to explore the effects of the bone glue-alum solution ratios on the morphology and color of ink marks during calligraphy creation. The results showed that bone glue-alum solution affected the surface morphology and physical structure of Xuan paper by filling its porous structure， thereby influencing the expressiveness of ink marks in calligraphy creation. Under different ratios， there were significant differences in the hydrophobicity and the expressiveness of ink marks of Xuan paper sized with bone glue-alum. When the mass fraction of alum was 1.0% and the mass fraction of bone glue was 1.0% or 1.5%， the ink sensitivity of Xuan paper sized with bone glue-alum was better. When the mass fraction of bone glue was 2.0%， and the mass fraction of alum was 1.0% or 1.5%， the Xuan paper sized with bone glue-alum was more suitable for thick ink. For the Xuna paper sized with alum and no glue， the positively charged alum adsorbed ink particles faster， leading to uneven ink diffusion. The experimental results of ink marks were basically consistent with the writing experience， indicating that the factors affecting the writing experience could be mapped to measurable physical structure， providing a certain reference for calligraphers to choose and for manufacturers to process Xuna paper sized with bone glue-alum.
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