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Cellulose-based Fluorescent Paper Sensor for Rapid on-site Detection of Fe³⁺
Received:January 23, 2026  Revised:April 08, 2026
DOI:10.11981/j.issn.1000-6842.2026.03.179
Key Words:fluorescent probe;cellulose;iron ion recognition;drinking water
Fund Project:中国博士后基金面上项目2023M731166山东省博士后创新项目SDCX—ZG-202303084国家自然科学基金21908167中国博士后基金面上项目(2023M731166);山东省博士后创新项目(SDCX—ZG-202303084);国家自然科学基金(21908167)。
Author NameAffiliationPostcode
Xue Jiacheng* College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 300457
Shi Jiyuan College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 300457
Lu Shijian College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 300457
Yang Qiulin College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 300457
Huo Dan* College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 300457
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Abstract:
      In this study, guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and citric acid (CA) were used as materials to synthesize fluorescent conjugates (GCF) with an extended π-conjugated structure through decarboxylation-dehydration-condensation reaction. The hydroxyl groups of pulp fibers were esterified by carboxyl groups of GCF, and then the obtained GCF modified pulp processed into fluorescent paper (GCF-paper) to prepare an immobilized Fe3+ fluorescent probe platform. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions for GCF were a molar ratio of GAA to CA of 1∶3, a reaction temperature of 140 ℃, and a reaction time of 60 min. Under these conditions, the prepared GCF emitted cyan-green fluorescence at an excitation wavelength of 365 nm. As little as 0.1 mg/L of Fe3+ could quench GCF fluorecence via the “coordination-electron transfer” mechanism, whereas Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Al3+ exhibited negligible response. Its high sensitivity met the detection requirements for the Fe3+ concentration limit (0.3 mg/L) specified in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749—2022). The optimal preparation conditions for GCF-paper were an esterification temperature of 80 ℃ and an esterification time of 60 min. Compared with the unmodified paper, the difference in mechanical properties of GCF-paper was relatively small (<5%). In addition, FT-IR analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of Fe3+ causing fluorescence quenching in GCF-paper.
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